BNS Section 23 Explained in Hindi

BNS Section 23 explained in easy Hindi with examples. Learn involuntary intoxication and criminal liability under Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023.

BNS Section 23 Explained in Easy Hindi

Act by a Person Caused by Intoxication Against His Will or Without His Knowledge

(Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023)

BNS Section 23 Explained in Easy Hindi

Introduction

Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) ke Section 23 ka sambandh intoxication (nasha) se hai, lekin ye section normal drunken offences ke baare me nahi hai.
Ye section un situations ke liye bana hai jahan kisi vyakti ko bina uski marzi ya bina uski jaankari ke nasha de diya jata hai, aur us halat me usse koi galat kaam ho jata hai.

Is section ka basic principle hai:

“Jahan nasha apni marzi se nahi liya gaya ho, wahan criminal intention assume nahi ki ja sakti.”

Ye topic:

• Law students

• Judiciary & PCS exams

• Criminal defence practice
  ke liye bahut important hai.

BNS Section 23 – Simple Language Meaning

Section 23 ke mutabik:
Agar koi vyakti:

1. bina apni marzi ke

2. ya bina apni jaankari ke

3. kisi madak padarth (alcohol, drugs, sedatives etc.) ke prabhav me aa jata hai,

aur us halat me:

• wo apne act ki prakriti (nature)

• ya uske galat hone (wrongfulness)
  ko samajhne me asamarth ho jata hai,

to us vyakti ka act offence nahi mana jayega.

Intoxication ka Matlab Kya Hai?

Intoxication ka matlab sirf sharab peena nahi hota. Isme shamil hain:

• Alcohol

• Drugs

• Sleeping pills

• Injection ya sedatives

• Koi bhi aisa padarth jo mansik control ko khatam kar de

Section 23 ke Peeche Law ka Logic

Criminal law ka rule hai:

Act + Mens Rea = Crime

Section 23 me:

• Act to hota hai

• Lekin mens rea absent hoti hai, kyunki:

  • nasha vyakti ne khud choose nahi kiya

  • uski samajh aur control chhin li gayi

Isliye punishment dena anyay hota.

Section 23 Apply Hone Ki Essential Conditions

Section 23 ka benefit tabhi milega jab saari conditions prove hon:

Condition	Explanation
Intoxication	Nasha hona chahiye
Against will	Vyakti ki marzi ke khilaf
Without knowledge	Ya bina jaankari ke
Effect	Understanding aur control khatam
Time	Act ke waqt present

Agar vyakti ne apni marzi se nasha kiya, Section 23 apply nahi hota.

Practical Examples (Easy Samajhne Ke Liye)

Example 1

 Party me kisi ne cold drink me drugs mila di
 Vyakti behosh si halat me kisi ko chot pahucha deta hai

 Section 23 apply hoga
Criminal liability nahi hogi

Example 2

 Train journey me kisi ne chai me nasha mila diya
 Vyakti ke haath se kisi ka nuksaan ho gaya

 Offence nahi mana jayega

Example 3

 Vyakti khud sharab peeta hai aur jhagda karta hai

 Section 23 apply nahi hoga
 Ye Section 24 ka case banega

Burden of Proof

Section 23 ka benefit lene ke liye burden accused par hota hai.

Accused ko ye prove karna hota hai:

• Nasha uski marzi ke khilaf tha

• Ya use pata hi nahi tha

• Nasha act ke time effective tha

Evidence kya ho sakta hai?

• Medical reports

• CCTV footage

• Witness statements

• Chemical analysis

• Surrounding circumstances

Court Kya-Kya Factors Dekhti Hai?

Court ye dekhti hai:
1 Nasha ka source kya tha
2 Vyakti ka behaviour act ke pehle aur baad
3 Kya nasha lene ki koi consent thi
4 Act planning ke saath tha ya nahi
5 Act ke baad awareness thi ya nahi

Agar planning aur awareness dikhe:
 Section 23 fail ho jata hai

Difference Between BNS Section 23 aur 24

Point	Section 23	Section 24
Nasha	Against will / without knowledge	Voluntary
Mens rea	Absent	Presumed
Defence	Valid	Not valid
Liability	No offence	Offence

Judiciary Exam ke Importance

MCQ Example

Q. BNS Section 23 kab apply hota hai?
A) Jab vyakti sharab peeke crime kare
B) Jab nasha zabardasti diya jaye
C) Jab nasha habitual ho
D) Jab vyakti drugs use karta ho

Correct Answer -B

Section 23 ka Practical Use (Defence Angle)

Ye section aam taur par use hota hai:

• Poisoning cases

• Party/club incidents

• Travel-related crimes

• Robbery ke baad recovery cases

Defence lawyer tab use karta hai jab:

• Consent absent ho

• Behaviour uncontrollable ho

• Evidence forced intoxication ko show kare

Common Misconceptions

❌ “Har nasha defence hai”
✔️ Galat

❌ “Sharab peene ke baad kiya gaya crime maaf hai”
✔️ Nahi

❌ “Section 23 aur 24 same hain”
✔️ Bilkul nahi

Law Students ke Liye Short Notes

• Section 23 = Involuntary intoxication

• Consent absent

• Mens rea absent

• Burden on accused

• Fact-based defence

Quick Revision Table

Element	Rule
Section	BNS 23
Subject	Involuntary intoxication
Consent	Absent
Mens rea	Absent
Result	No offence

Conclusion

BNS Section 23 ka mool siddhant hai:

Jahan vyakti apni marzi se control nahi chhodta, wahan usse criminal zimmedari dena galat hoga.

Isliye BNS ne is section ko justice aur fairness ka hissa banaya hai